Jesus performed this first of his signs at Cana in Galilee. He revealed his glory and his disciples began to believe in him.
Jesus, his mother, and disciples are at a wedding when Mary notices the wine has run out. Upon her request, Jesus turns six jars of water into an abundance of the best wine served at the wedding.
John’s gospel reflects on Jesus’ miracles, such as his transforming action at the Cana wedding, as signs. These signs point to more than what literally or physically happens in the action. The signs Jesus works in John are words and deeds that show God’s Spirit poured out for the life of the world, that show forth God’s glory.
The marriage feast that most concerns John is not the one in the story but the lasting and intimate relationship of faith between the risen Jesus and his disciples, including his mother. The abundant wine Jesus provides is not just for the wedding guests but for the community that continues to gather in his name.
Jesus’ sign of new wine does point to God’s Spirit. Like the contrast in Jn. 1 between John the Baptist, who baptizes with water, and Jesus, who will baptize with the Spirit, there is a contrast in Jn. 2 with the Jewish water of purification and Jesus’ new wine. Likewise, in Jn. 4 is a contrast with the well water of the Samaritan woman and Jesus’ living water; in 7:38-39 Jesus says his living water portrays the Spirit, whom he will give to his disciples after he is glorified. In Jn. 2 it is not yet his “hour,” his time to return to the glory of his Father; but he does this sign to point to that future gift he will give to his disciples.